Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease and flour a 9-inch springform pan.
For the brownie base: In a medium bowl, whisk together melted butter and sugars. Beat in eggs one at a time, then stir in vanilla extract. In a separate bowl, whisk together cocoa powder, flour, and salt. Gradually add dry ingredients to wet ingredients, mixing until just combined. Fold in chocolate chips.
Pour the brownie batter into the prepared springform pan and spread evenly. Bake for 15-20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out with moist crumbs.
For the cheesecake layer: In a large bowl, beat cream cheese and sugar until smooth. Beat in eggs one at a time, then stir in vanilla extract and sour cream until just combined. Do not overmix.
Carefully pour the cheesecake batter over the partially baked brownie layer. Drizzle caramel sauce over the cheesecake batter and swirl gently with a knife or skewer.
Bake for 55-65 minutes, or until the edges are set and the center is slightly jiggly. Turn off the oven, crack the door open slightly, and let the cheesecake cool in the oven for 1 hour. This helps prevent cracking.
Remove from oven and let cool completely on a wire rack. Once cooled, refrigerate for at least 4 hours, or preferably overnight, before serving.
Serve chilled. Drizzle with extra caramel sauce if desired.
Notes
For best results, use good quality cream cheese and chocolate. Ensure all dairy ingredients are at room temperature for a smooth cheesecake batter.